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力学性能可调的可逆装配力学超材料性能表征

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点阵结构因其高比强度和比刚度成为航空、航天、汽车等领域的研究热点.增材制造技术的发展使得具有复杂几何外形和特殊力学性能的力学超材料点阵结构的加工成为可能.但传统增材制造工艺难以协调此类结构在成本、几何尺寸和精度之间的矛盾.鉴于此,提出了一种可逆装配的力学超材料结构概念及基础体素结构的连接方法,可有效克服制造装备的尺寸限制,并可以通过不同排列组合构建力学性能丰富的宏观点阵结构.针对可逆装配的基础体素型式,通过参数化建模的方法分析了体素几何特征、相对密度和体素数目等参数对其力学性能的影响,并与实验结果进行了对比.结果表明,所提出的3种基础体素刚性差异较大,泊松比覆盖了由负到正的范围.因此,使用这3种基础体素的不同组合方式可以产生不同力学性能分布的宏观结构,从而证明了采用这3种体素作为可逆装配结构基本体素的合理性.此外,所给出的几何尺寸与力学性能之间的数学关系可为此类力学超材料的工程应用提供指导.
Characterization of a reversible-assembly mechanical metamaterial with an adjustble mechanical property
Lattice structures have become a research highlight in the fields of aviation,aerospace and automobile because of its high specific strength and stiffness.The development of additive manufacturing technology makes it possible to manufacture mechanical metamaterials with complex geometric shapes and special mechanical properties.However,traditional additive manufacturing processes are difficult to coordinate the contradiction between the cost,geometric size and accuracy of such structures.In view of this,a mechanical metamaterial structure concept of reversible assembly and the connection method of its basic voxels were proposed,which can effectively overcome the size limitation of manufacturing equipment,and can construct a macro lattice structure with rich mechanical properties through different combination sequences.Aiming at the basic voxel type of reversible assembly,the influence of voxel geometric parameters,relative density and voxel numbers on its mechanical properties through parametric modeling method was analyzed,and the experimental results were compared.The results show that the three basic voxels have great rigidity difference,and Poisson's ratio covers the range from negative to positive.Therefore,different combination sequences of these three basic voxels can produce macro structures with different mechanical property distributions,which proves the rationality of using these three basic voxels as the basic voxels of the reversible-assembly structure.In addition,the mathematical relationship between geometric parameters and mechanical properties can provide guidance for the engineering application of such mechanical metamaterials.

Reversible assemblyMechanical metamaterialsParametric modelingLattice structurePerformance characterization

吴琪、杨宇、芦奕菲、鲍盘盘、王志刚

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中国飞机强度研究所 强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室,西安 710065

北京航空航天大学 航空科学与工程学院,北京 100191

可逆装配 力学超材料 参数化建模 点阵结构 性能表征

2025

机械强度
中国机械工程学会,郑州机械研究所

机械强度

北大核心
影响因子:0.376
ISSN:1001-9669
年,卷(期):2025.47(1)