Improved method for calculating reduction in JCO forming
Since it is difficult to get the exact reduction in the JCO forming of large straight welded pipes,in this article,a method is proposed to calculate the reduction by working out the bending angle.The key is to allocate the bending angle of each stage,with both the pre-bending and the certain opening after the final forming stage taken into consideration;the formula of cal-culating the bending angle of each stage is given through the theoretical analysis.The finite-element model of JCO forming is set up,and both the springback and the shape-evolution law in the sheet-metal forming are obtained by analyzing the stress and strain state.Efforts are made to explore the X65 steel's JCO forming process.When the shaping passes are 17,the bending angle of each pass is 16.3° through the theoretical analysis.The finite-element simulation is used to identify the relationship between the reduction in the sheet-metal forming and the bending angle after the springback.The simulation results are subject to linear fit-ting.Then,the theoretical analytical formula is obtained,and the reduction corresponding to bending angle of each stage is worked out.The reduction obtained from the experiment is compared with its theoretical counterpart;it is shown that the average error is 6.45%,which proves that this method is feasible and accurate.