To solve the problems of high cost and high carbon emission in the process of vehicle distribution of fresh agricultural products,the optimization model of vehicle distribution route of low-carbon cold chain fresh agricultural products is established with the goal of the highest customer satisfaction and the lowest total distribution cost.Firstly,the cat colony algorithm is opti-mized by several methods.Then,the constructed model is solved by the optimized cat colony algorithm.The feasibility of the con-structed model is verified by the experimental analysis before and after optimization.Simulations are carried out to analyze the ef-fects of vehicle distribution route optimization before and after,and the feasibility of the proposed method is verified.Compared with a traditional route planning method,by applying the constructed vehicle distribution route optimization model,the total route and carbon emission of vehicle distribution are both decreased to a certain extent.The length of the total route of vehicle dis-tribution is shortened by 489.77km and the carbon emission of vehicle is reduced by 21.4%.The constructed model can effectively reduce the total cost and carbon emissions of vehicle distribution process,and improve the efficiency of vehicle utilization and the market competitiveness of distribution enterprises to a certain extent.