To understand the nature of carbon migration and diffusion in the welding process of 12Cr2Mo1R and S30408 dis-similar metals,the phenomenon of decarburization and carburization layer in the weld of the dissimilar steel after welding is confirmed in this paper through experiments;and then the diffusion behavior of carbon atoms in the welded joint is theoretical-ly analyzed.It lays a theoretical foundation for improving the quality of the welded joint of dissimilar steel.