摘要
现役设备上的一些功能结构件在高温环境中长时间工作易发生高温蠕变变形,从而导致构件失效,进而会对设备的使用安全性和使用寿命产生一定负面影响.因此,了解各结构材料的蠕变性能十分必要.现在已经发展出多种蠕变测试方法,这些方法对研究由蠕变驱动的变形有重要意义.文章概述了单轴拉伸、压缩及梁弯曲等几种蠕变测试方法和蠕变理论.通过与单轴拉伸蠕变试验进行比较发现,固支三点弯曲蠕变试验可以得到完整的蠕变曲线.同时,根据金属材料弯曲蠕变试验经验可对玻璃、陶瓷等脆性材料的高温蠕变性能进行测试,所研究内容对相关领域的蠕变性能研究有重要的指导意义.
Abstract
Due to long time working in high temperature environment,there is high temperature creep deformation on some functional structural parts of active equipment,resulting in component failure,which would affect the safe use of equipment and reduce the life of equipment.Therefore,it is necessary to know the creep properties of various structural materials.Nowa-days,various creep testing methods have been developed,which is of great significance for studying creep driven deformation.This article provides an overview of several creep testing methods and creep theories,including uniaxial tension,compression,and beam bending.By comparing several test methods with uniaxial tensile creep test,it is found that the fixed support three-point bending creep test can obtain a complete creep curve,and the force is simple and easy to analyze.At the same time,based on the experience of metal material bending creep testing,the high-temperature creep performance tests can be conduc-ted on brittle materials such as glass and ceramics,which has important guiding significance.
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