As cell-specific secreted membrane vesicles,exosomes are involved in intercellular communication and are very important components of cellular signal transduction.With numerous contents,including nucleic acids,proteins and lipids,and many other biologically active sub-stances,exosomes play a role in immune response,inflammation,tumor and other processes,and are both carriers of pro-inflammatory factors in the process of numerous diseases and an impor-tant part of the pathways for the release of anti-inflammatory factors.In recent years,the impor-tant functions of exosomes in health and disease treatment have attracted great attention from re-searchers.This article summarizes the role of exosomes in regulating inflammation and related diseases,and provides an overview of research progress on the pathways and mechanisms by which exosomes play a role in a variety of diseases.