Surgical Timing for Congenital Cataract:a Comparison Review between Unilateral and Bilateral Cases
This article reviews the latest domestic and international advancements in surgical treatment of congenital cataracts,analyzing optimal treatment timing for unilateral and bilateral cases.It is concluded that unilateral congenital cataracts generally have a worse prognosis compared to bilateral congenital cataracts.This is primarily due to the deprivation of visual stimulation in the affected eye shortly after birth,leading to competitive inhibition between the affected and healthy eyes.For children with unilateral congenital cataracts,cataract removal surgery should ideally be performed within 4 to 6 weeks of birth,whereas for bilateral congenital cataracts,surgery is recommended before 8 weeks of age for better outcomes.In terms of intraocular lens implantation,it is generally recommended to perform this surgery after the child reaches 2 years of age.However,there may be an appropriate surgical window before the age of 2 in some cases.For children with unilateral cataracts,the affected eye has a higher risk of amblyopia.Early intraocular lens implantation may help maximize the chances of a good visual prognosis.For children with bilateral cataracts,intraocular lens implantation can be delayed appropriately to reduce the risk of postoperative complications.The younger the age at the time of surgery,the higher the risk of postoperative complications.However,early intraocular lens implantation can reduce the risk of amblyopia caused by high hyperopia.Therefore,it is crucial to balance the pros and cons when determining the optimal timing for surgery.
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