摘要
技术与工程实践能力是义务教育科学课程要培养的核心能力.选取重庆市某城区小学 5 年级学生作为研究对象,实施自编的表现性评价任务,通过现场操作并录像的方式收集信息,从界定问题、设计方案、动手操作、分工协作、测试改进、交流评价 6 个方面评定学生的技术与工程实践能力水平.结果发现:5 年级学生在动手操作、分工协作、测试改进3个能力要素上的表现水平较高,但工程实践的自主性还不够,设计方案的创新性多集中在外观层面,制作过程中的随意性较大,容易忽略时间成本,缺乏主动评价或质疑其他小组作品的意识或勇气.为此,教师在技术与工程实践教学中应着力引导学生从材料、时间等成本角度界定问题,帮助学生养成成本意识和节约意识;重视方案设计,关注学生的系统思维和创新思维;关注学生的自主学习能力,促进学生个人内省领域的核心素养发展;与此同时,教师应在了解表现性评价的价值和基本思路的基础上,使技术与工程实践能力的表现性评价常态化.
Abstract
The ability of technology and engineering practice is one of the key competencies to be developed in the science curriculum of compulsory education.This study selected the fifth grade pupils in an urban area of Chongqing as the research subjects,adopted the self-compiled performance evaluation task,collected information through on-site operation and video recording,and assessed the students'technology and en-gineering practical ability level from six aspects:define problems,design,operation,teamwork,testing and improvement,communication and evaluation.The result shows that the fifth grade pupils'performance level is high in three competency elements of operation,teamwork,and testing and improvement,but the autonomy of engineering practice was not enough,the innovation of the design is mostly concentrated on the appearance level,the randomness in the production process is relatively large,the time cost is easily ignored,and pupils lack the awareness or courage to actively evaluate or question the work of other groups.Based on these,teachers should focus on guiding students to define problems from the perspective of materials,time and other costs in the practical teaching of technology and engineering,and help students to develop a sense of cost consciousness and conservation;pay attention to the design of the programme,and focus to the systematic and innovative thinking of the students;pay attention to students'independent learning ability,and promote the development of the core qualities in the field of personal introspection of the students;at the same time,the teachers should normalize the performance assessment of technology and engineering practice ability on the basis of understanding the value of performance assessment and the basic ideas.
基金项目
重庆市社会科学规划课题(2023NDYB146)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(19YJC880085)
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据