The Mission of Intellectual Education under the Background of Building an Education-Strong Country:An Examination Based on the Changes in the Order of Educational Values
The three education theories of"intelligence,morality,and physique"proposed by the British educational philosopher Herbert Spencer in the mid-19th century have been largely inherited by later scholars in terms of educational elements,with little attention paid to their inherent educational values and order.From a historical perspective,the educational theory of the three virtues of wisdom,benevolence,and bravery in the ancient Confucian classic"The Doctrine of the Mean"is consistent with Spencer's educational values and order.In modern times,although Yan Fu had already declared that the modernization of material and institutional civilization was the"standard"of national modernization as early as the end of the 19th century,and the modernization of spiritual civilization was the"foundation"of national modernization,there have been three versions of"sinicization"in the process of modern scholars applying this theory:firstly,Yan Fu and Cai Yuanpei transformed it into an educational value order of"physical,intellectual,and moral"in response to the needs of modern national"salvation";The second is that Liang Qichao transformed it into an educational value order of"morality,intelligence,and physique"due to the"Reform Movement";The third reason is that the late Qing government,out of the convenience of"protecting the emperor",transformed it into an educational value order of"morality,physical fitness,and intelligence".The transformation of these three versions of educational values and order not only resulted in a significant lack of"love for intelligence"(rather than"use of intelligence")education among the Chinese people in the 20th century,but also ultimately led to a bottleneck in cultivating top-notch innovative talents with outstanding reasoning and judgment abilities(rather than the memory fixed by traditional education)that have truly been at the core of intelligence in Chinese education for over a century.Therefore,intellectual education is not only the key to building a strong education country,but also the breakthrough point for modernization of education.It is a historical mission that has not been completed for more than a century in the cause of building a strong education country in China.
education-strong countryeducation modernizationQian Xuesen's Questionlove for intelligence educationmodernization of intellectual educationmodernization of individuals
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