Initial Study on the Impact of Milk and Dairy Fat Intake on Lipid Metabolism
High-fat diets are among the primary risk factors for the development of metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases.Milk is rich in fat,but the impact of ingesting milk-derived fats on the body's lipid metabolism and the underlying regulatory mecha-nisms remain unclear.This study aimed to systematically investigate the effects of ingesting buffalo milk and holstein milk,as well as their dairy fats,on lipid metabolism and potential regulatory mechanisms by establishing a mice(Mus musculus)model system.The re-sults indicated that the consumption of buffalo milk,holstein milk,and their dairy fats did not significantly affect the body weight,body length,and organ coefficients of mice.Furthermore,there were no significant changes levels of triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in mice serum.Moreover,serum metabolomic analysis identified 2 070 metabolites,with the high-fat diet group,buffalo milk gavage group,holstein milk gavage group,buffalo milk fat gavage group,holstein milk fat gavage group,and normal diet group showing 56,13,190,57,and 56 differen-tial metabolites,respectively.Enrichment analysis revealed that these differential metabolites were primarily enriched in metabolic pathways closely related to fatty acid metabolism,such as bile acid biosynthesis,fatty acid biosynthesis,fatty acid elongation,fatty acid degradation,taurine and hypotaurine metabolism,primary bile acid biosynthesis,and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.The re-sults suggested that the consumption of milk and dairy fats positively impacted the anti-inflammatory,immune,and neuroregulatory ca-pacities of mice and played a significant role in the body's lipid metabolism,energy supply,and nutritional balance.Our findings de-monstrated that the consumption of buffalo milk,holstein milk,and their dairy fats did not contribute to obesity or dyslipidemia and may even have beneficial effects.Our study serves as a valuable reference for further understanding the nutritional and health benefits of milk,and provides theoretical support for guiding healthy dietary practices among the general population.
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