To explore the steel-wood composite column with more superior performance,the thin-walled steel cylinder is prestressed to form the active confining pressure,and the prestressed thin-walled steel confined circular timber column specimens are made by setting the reservation amount.The axial compression performance test is carried out,and the failure process and failure mode are clarified.The load-displacement relationship curve and load-strain relationship curve,as well as the axial compression performance indexes such as initial stiffness,residual bearing ratio and energy dissipation are obtained and the axial compression performance analysis is carried out.At the same time,the finite element software ABAQUS is used to carry out the numerical simulation analysis for the axial compression test of the prestressed thin-walled steel confined circular timber column,and the calculation formula of the ultimate bearing capacity of the axial compression is proposed.The results show that the prestressed thin-walled steel confined circular timber column is affected by the amount of reservation,bolt spacing,thin-walled steel thickness and slenderness ratio,showing four different failure modes.With considering the large difference of the elastic modulus between wood and steel,setting a certain amount of reservation and adopting the appropriate thin-walled steel thickness,bolt spacing and slendermess ratio,the prestressed thin-walled steel confined circular timber columns have better axial compression bearing capacity,initial stiffness,residual bearing capacity and energy dissipation.The calculated results of the finite element model and the formula of ultimate bearing capacity for the prestressed thin-walled steel confined circular timber column under axial compression are in good agreement with the experimental results,which can be used for the corresponding calculation and analysis.