In low solar radiation areas,winters are cold and humid,while summers are hot and stuffy,with limited temperature fluctuations and a lack of solar radiation.This study employs a comprehensive"multi-objective optimization and multi-factor decision-making"model,considering energy,carbon emissions and costs.In summer,we prioritize reducing the window-to-wall ratio for heat control,while in winter,we emphasize improving external window insulation to reduce heat loss.Compared to current national standards,our proposal reduces air-conditioning energy consumption by 10.88％,total energy consumption by 3.17％,costs by 11.03％,and carbon emissions by 8.46％.Findings can provide theoretical support for energy saving and carbon reduction in these areas.
low solar radiation areaurban residential buildinglow carbon limitenvelopethermal design parameter
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
