Study on the Coupled Impact of Integrated Photovoltaic Envelope Structures on Building Energy Consumption and Outdoor Microclimate
Building integrated photovoltaic(BIPV)technology plays a significant role in achieving"carbon neutrality"in architecture.The addition of photovoltaic modules onto building envelope surfaces modifies the inherent thermal performance and energy balance of buildings,thereby influencing both the heating and cooling loads as well as the outdoor microclimate.Moreover,the outdoor microclimate exerts a significant effect on the thermal loads and human-related heat emissions,leading to a coupled interaction between building energy consumption and the outdoor microclimate.However,there is still a lack of quantitative research on the coupling effect of integrated photovoltaic envelope structures on building energy consumption and the outdoor microclimate.This paper proposed a process framework for simulating the coupling of outdoor microclimate and building energy consumption in integrated photovoltaic buildings and built a coupled model of Building Energy Simulation(BES)and Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD).Based on this model,the variation characteristics of the outdoor microclimate and building energy consumption under different BIPV deployment schemes were quantitatively analyzed.The results showed that compared to uncoupled models,the BES-CFD coupled model indicated a decrease of 47％in outdoor average wind speed at a height of 10 m outdoors,a 2.65％increase in average temperature at 1.5m in height,and a 7.7％rise in cooling energy consumption to the maximum.When the equivalent reflectivity of photovoltaics(0.3)equaled the original reflectivity of the building envelope(0.3),the comprehensive installation of photovoltaic units on the building roof and facade led to a maximal decrease of 0.13℃in the universal thermal climate index(UTCI)during summer;when the original reflectivity of the envelope was higher(0.7)than the equivalent reflectivity of photovoltaics(0.3),the installation of photovoltaics caused a maximum increase of 0.11℃ in the UTCI.In terms of cooling loads,when the equivalent reflectivity of photovoltaics equaled or was lower than the reflectivity of the building envelope,the cooling load decreased by a maximum of 0.03％and increased by 0.7％,respectively.This study can provide a vital tool for the precise quantification of building energy consumption and the evaluation of outdoor microclimate impacts.
building integrated photovoltaicsbuilding energy consumptionmicroclimateoutdoor thermal comfort
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