Multi-objective Optimization Design Method and Application of Nearly-zero Energy Buildings in Cold Areas
In response to the current challenge of balancing energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness in the selection of nearly-zero energy building technologies,this paper developed an optimization design method for nearly-zero energy buildings by creating energy consumption and incremental cost functions that incorporate various nearly-zero energy building technologies,utilizing the NSGA-Ⅱ optimization algorithm,and combining net present value with energy-saving rate screening.Research results based on typical cases showed that the relevant optimization schemes derived from this method can effectively reduce the comprehensive energy consumption and incremental costs of buildings.Specifically,the K-value of exterior walls was decreased by 55.6％～57％from the specified limit of 0.3 W/(m2 k)in the Technical Standard for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings,while the K-value of the roof met the lower limit requirement,achieving optimal economic performance.A case study showed that using the optimal economic template provided by this method for optimized design resulted in a building energy-saving rate of 77％,and the incremental costs were approximately 831 yuan/m2,representing a reduction of about 6.7％～30.7％compared to similar projects.
nearly-zero energy buildingsmulti-objective optimizationNSGA-Ⅱ genetic algorithmenergy-saving ratenet present value
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