Synaptic plasticity is a fundamental property of neurons,referring to activity-dependent changes in the strength of neuronal connections involved in physiological processes such as learning and memory,neurogenesis and development,and influenced by factors such as exercise and stress.Several studies have shown that synaptic plasticity is closely related to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders such as depression.Synaptic plasticity is regulated by the interaction of multiple signaling pathways,and the abnormal activity of many vital pathways is involved in the onset and development of depression,including reduced levels of neurotrophic factors and stress-induced abnormalities in glutamate levels.Exercise as an adjunctive treatment for depression has been shown to be associated with changes in synaptic plasticity.Emerging findings suggest that lactate can act as a signaling molecule involved in brain energy metabolism and can increase synaptic plasticity,enhance neurogenesis,and play an important role in improving cognitive function.Therefore,lactate may be one of the potential target molecules for exercise to regulate synaptic plasticity and thus improve depression.
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