A Re-Examination of Zi Lu's Courage Based on the Perspective of Confucius,Mencius and XunZi's Thoughts of Courage
Zi Lu's courageous personality has long been the consensus of Confucianism."The seventy-two Disciples of Confucius"in The Family Saying of Confucius(Kongzi Jiayu)evaluates him as"resolute and straight".This disciple of Confucius,who was keen on"asking strong"eventually died in the civil unrest in Wei,and was brutally executed.However,Confucius,who was fond of evaluating characters,did not comment on his disciple's act of"sacrificing his life for justice".In the vision of Confucius,Mencius and Xun,courage must be based on benevolence,conform to propriety,and learn from wisdom,while Zi Lu's courage is obviously"in the hall,but not yet in the room"in the levels of benevolence,propriety,and wisdom,which makes him unable to become a perfect Confucian model of courageous virtues.Nonetheless,Zi Lu's courage does not lose its draw.
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