Vocabulary is the smallest unit that constitutes language,and language learning is fundamental to vocabulary learning.As a branch of the Indo European language family,its evolution process is deeply influenced by Western historical and cultural factors,English not only has a wide range of vocabulary sources but also significant word formation characteristics.Throughout the process of English learning,memorizing and mastering vocabulary is one of the important challenges that learners face,which seriously affects their English acquisition effectiveness.This article aims to interpret the history of English vocabulary and its hidden cultural allusions from the perspective of etymology,gain a deeper understanding of vocabulary sources and word formation rules,expand students'understanding of Western historical and cultural knowledge,explore memory strategies and techniques for English vocabulary,and help students break through the bottleneck of vocabulary learning,expand the breadth and depth of vocabulary mastery,and improve the fun and efficiency of vocabulary acquisition.