摘要
枯叶蛱蝶属Kallima Doubleday,1849蝶类以模仿枯叶的翅图案而闻名,由于该属物种间表型高度相似,属内物种鉴定仍存在争议.随着枯叶蛱蝶(Kallima inachus)参考基因组的发布,基于全基因组数据的系统发育研究得以开展,从而增进了对于枯叶蛱蝶属演化关系的了解.然而,基于基因组的系统发生关系与基于形态的物种分类之间存在一些冲突.通过深入研究枯叶蛱蝶属蝶类之间的关系,检验可能的网状系统发育拓扑结构,本研究进一步探究了产生冲突的原因.基于不同的数据集(包括单拷贝基因、编码序列、中性区域和所有分析物种中均存在的单核苷酸多态性位点)构建的系统发生树呈现出不一致的拓扑结构,揭示了枯叶蛱蝶属复杂的演化历史.本研究结果表明,网状物种拓扑可能是一种普遍存在的模式,不仅存在于适应性辐射的物种中,也存在于渐进式演化的物种中,如枯叶蛱蝶属蝶类.
Abstract
Kallima butterflies are famous for their leaf-mimicking wing patterns.Yet the characterization of Kallima species is still under debate owing to their high phenotypic similarity.With the release of the K.inachus reference genome,phylogenetic studies based on genome-wide data have been carried out,thus improving the understanding of the evolutionary relationships of the genus Kallima.However,we noticed that there is some conflict between genome-based phylogenies and morphological classifications in butterflies.We further examined the cause of this conflict by conducting an in-depth study of the relationships among Kallima butterflies to test possible reticulate phylogenetic topologies.We constructed phylogenies based on various datasets(including SNPs in single-copy genes,coding sequences,neutral regions and all remaining sites across the genome)to compare the topologies,revealing the complex evolutionary history of Kallima butterflies.Our results suggest that the reticulate species topology may constitute a pervasive pattern present not only in species with adaptive radiations but also in gradually evolving species,with Kallima butterflies as an example.
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