Progress in research on mitochondrial genome of honey bees and their polymorphisms
The mitochondrial genome or mitogenome is a self-replicating maternally inherited molecular markers which has been used to study the evolutionary biology and conservation genetics of mammals,insects,and other species.To further explore the genetic diversity,maternal origin,and phylogenetic relationship between different honey bee populations,the use of mitochondrial DNA as a genetic marker has been beneficial.However,the majority of research has focused on the analysis of mitochondrial gene sequence fragments such as COⅠ,COⅡ,tRNALeu-COⅡ,and Cytb.The mitochondrial genomes of nine species of bees have been sequenced,providing a data set for the study of bee genetics.In this paper,we review the research progress of bee mitochondrial genomes,discuss their structural characteristics,and summarize the application of mitochondrial genome in the research of bee genetic diversity,origin evolution,and taxonomic identification,We also analyze the significance of bee mitochondrial genome and its potential future development,with the aim of providing effective informations for the conservation and effective utilization of bee genetic resources in China.
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