Identification and expression profiling of serine protease inhibitor genes in Arma custos
Serine protease inhibitors(SPIs)play a crucial role in regulating insect growth,development and immunity.In this study,12 SPI genes(AcusSPI1-12)were identified in Arma custos genome and their sequence characteristics were analyzed.The expression pattern of these SPI genes in different adult tissues were examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).According to the action mechanism,the identified SPI genes could be classified into two types,serpin and canonical SPI.Multiple sequence alignment results indicated that the hinge region amino acid residues in AcusSPI2-3 of the serpin type were conserved with those of known inhibitory serpins from other insects.AcusSPI7 and AcusSPI8 belonging to the classical type had multiple inhibitory domains,while AcusSPI12 only had a single inhibitory domain.However,all two types had conserved cysteine residues.The RT-PCR results showed that AcusSPI4,AcusSPI7,and AcusSPI9 display differential expression profiles in different glands of the venom apparatus of A.custos,including anterior main gland,posterior main gland and accessory gland.AcusSPI6 and AcusSPI10 were highly expressed in the fat body,while AcusSPI3 was highly expressed in the accessory gland,gut and fat body.Additionally,AcusSPI1 0 was predominantly expressed in the posterior main gland and fat body.These results suggest that certain SPIs of A.custos may function as venom components to regulate the immune response of its prey,which lay the foundation for further investigating the physiological functions of them.
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