Transfer of heavy metals along phytophagous insects-natural enemies and their effects on pest biological control in agroecosystems
Heavy metal contamination in farmland is one of the important environmental problems facing global agriculture.Heavy metals are absorbed by plants,taken in,and accumulated by herbivorous insects,then affected the growth,reproduction,and behavior of natural enemies by bottom-up effects,seriously threatening the efficiency of pest biological control.In this review,the effects of heavy metal transferring along herbivorous insects on natural enemies in farmland ecosystem were systematically summarized,and the direct and indirect effects of heavy metal pollution on pest biological control were expounded.Heavy metal generally leads to negative effects such as delayed growth and development,reduced fecundity,and reduced predation of natural enemies,which directly affects the efficiency of pest biological control.In the meaning time,heavy metal also led to the emergence of poison excitement effect and the enhancement of resistance ability of pests,indirectly increasing the difficulty of pest control.In view of the current research situation,this paper summarizes and looks forward to the deficiency of the research on the influence of heavy metal pollution on natural enemy insects and biological control,and provides reference for the study of natural enemy insects under environmental heavy metal stress and the formulation of pest biological control strategies in heavy metal polluted areas.
Environmental pollutionheavy metalsbottom-up effectsabiotic factorpest biological control
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