Repellent effect of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil on Solenopsis invicta Buren and identification of active components
The red imported fire ant(Solenopsis invicta Buren)is considered one of the most destructive invasive species worldwide,posing significant threats to both human and livestock safety.Additionally,it causes substantial harm to agricultural and forestry production,as well as the ecological environment.One important method of integrated pest management for this species is screening natural repellents from plant essential oils.The study employed the Ethovision XT animal movement tracking system to evaluate the repellent activity of six plant essential oils against S.invicta.The most effective oil's compound composition was analyzed using GC-MS,and the GC-EAD technique was used to screen target compounds with antennal electrophysiological activity against S.invicta.The repellent activity of the target compounds against S.invicta were tested using the digging sand assay and Y-maze method.Results showed that the essential oil from Melaleuca alternifolia exhibited the strongest repellent activity among the six plant essential oils tested.The four most abundant compounds in the M.alternifolia oil were 4-terpineol(41.43%),terpinolene(11.22%),α-pinene(5.24%),and 4-isopropyltoluene(4.61%).All four compounds elicited antennal electrophysiological responses in worker ants.Behavioural experiments were conducted using the digging sand assay and Y-maze method to determine the repellent activity of various compounds against S.invicta.The results showed that 4-terpineol exhibited the strongest repellent activity,while α-pinene and 4-isopropyltoluene showed some repellent activity at high concentrations.Terpinolene,on the other hand,did not exhibit any repellent activity.These findings suggest that 4-terpineol has potential as a natural repellent compound for S.invicta.
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