Effects of different planting patterns on insect community diversity and stability in apple orchards
To clarify the impact of different planting patterns on the diversity and stability of insect communities in apple orchards,this study was conducted from June to December 2022 in the main apple production area of Zhaotong.Three planting patterns were compared:Apple intercropping with soybean orchard(AS),apple intercropping with alfalfa orchard(AA),and natural grass cover(NG).Six survey methods were employed,including plant surveys,net captures,yellow plate trapping,yellow board trapping,and food attractant trapping.A total of 316 850 insects belonging to 12 orders,82 families,and 189 species were surveyed in the three apple orchards.Diptera had the highest species richness and abundance,accounting for over 77％of the total individuals surveyed in all three orchards.The dominant families were Drosophilidae,Psychodidae,and Sciaridae within Diptera.In the clustering of neutral groups,phytophagous groups,and parasitic groups,AA and AS orchards clustered together.The ecological niche width indices for predatory and phytophagous groups in AA orchards were higher at 17.8401 and 12.7612,respectively,compared to 10.2868 for phytophagous groups.The niche overlap index for predatory and parasitic groups in AS orchards was 0.7398,which was lower than the other orchards.The Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index,and evenness of neutral groups,as well as the Simpson index and evenness of predatory groups,and Shannon-Wiener index of parasitic groups were higher in AS and AA orchards compared to NG orchards.The fluctuation of Ss/Si in AA orchards was smaller than in the other orchards,and Sa/Sp values were higher in July and October.This study clarified that Diptera were the dominant group in Zhaotong apple orchards.Intercropping with soybeans and intercropping with alfalfa orchards resulted in more similar species compositions compared to natural grass orchards,indicating better community diversity.Among them,the insect community stability was highest in the intercropping with alfalfa orchards.The results of this study can provide reference for the ecological control of pests in apple orchards.
Apple orchardsplanting patternsinsect communityfunctional groupcommunity diversitycommunity stability
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
