Effects of sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor on the development and reproduction of Panonychus citri McGregor(Acari:Tetranychidae)
In this study,the effects of sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor on the growth,development and reproduction of F0(contemporary)and F,(first generation)Panonychus citri were determined,which provided a scientific basis for the effective control of P.citri and the rational application of sulfoxaflor.In this study,the survival and reproduction of F0 generation of P.citri and the individual development period,life span,survival and reproduction of F1 generation of P.citri were observed by leaf-dipping method,and the age-stage,two-sex life table was conducted.The results indicated that after the female adults of P.citri were fed with the citrus leaves exposed to different concentrations of sulfoxaflor,the oviposition duration were significantly decreased from 4.52 d to 3.67 d,and the number of eggs laid per female were decreased from 17.98 to 14.00.The effect of sublethal concentration of sulfoxaflor on P.citri had a transgenerational effect,which affects the growth and development,reproduction and population life table parameters of the F,generation.In terms of growth and development,the pre-adult period was significantly reduced.The male mites were reduced from 10.09 d to 9.50 d,and the female mites were reduced from 10.21 d to 9.56 d,while the development rates were accelerated significantly.In terms of fecundity of adult females,compared with the control,the total pre-oviposition period(TPOP)of F1 generation of P.citri treated with the sublethal concentrations(LC5 and LC10)of sulfoxaflor were shortened;The oviposition of F1 generation was prolonged from 6.62 d to 7.79 d,and the fecundity of F1 generation was increased from 28.48 to 35.31.From the population life table parameters,the net reproductive rate of the F1 generation of P.citri after treatments with sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor was increased from 18.51 to 26.06,the intrinsic rate of increase was increased from 0.2128 to 0.2430,the finite rate of increase was increased from 1.237 to 1.275,the gross reproduction rate was increased from 34.37 to 44.25,and the population doubling time was shortened by 0.405.In summary,exposure of P.citri to sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor resulted in negative effects on F0 generation.However,the sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor had positive effects on F,generation,including stimulating the growth,development and reproduction,and affecting the life table parameters of populations.These results could lead to a later increase of population,as a pesticide-induced'secondary pest outbreak'.
SulfoxaflorPanonychus citriage-stage two-sex life tablefecunditygrowth and development
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