义利与天命:明代中后期士人举业心态钩沉
Righteousness,Profit and Mandate of Heaven:The Occupational Mindset of Scholars in the Mid to Late Ming Dynasty
张昊阳1
作者信息
- 1. 西华师范大学 历史文化学院,四川 南充 637001
- 折叠
摘要
科举制度在明代逐渐完善并发展至鼎盛阶段,因其制度本身尚存在不足之处,加之明代浓厚的功名风气影响,使得明代中后期的科举竞争压力愈发激烈.与此同时,明代繁荣的商品经济与市井生活对于人们具有强烈的诱惑力.诱惑与压力相互作用使得明代中后期的士人在举业过程中的心态变得尤为复杂.通过对明代的科举考试制度、学术学风、官学教育等方面的考察,大体可以钩沉出明代中后期士人的三种举业心态:即功利心态、天命心态、抵触心态,从而更为全面和立体地认识明代士人的举业心态.
Abstract
The imperial examination system in the Ming Dynasty gradually became perfected and reached its zenith.However,due to inherent flaws within the system itself,the intense culture of pursuing official ranks and honors led to increasingly fierce competition among scholars in the mid to late Ming Dynasty.Concurrently,the flourishing commodity economy and vibrant urban life of the Ming Dynasty posed a strong allure to the people.The interplay between temptation and pressure complicated the mental states of scholars during their pursuit of academic and official success.Through examining the Ming Dynasty's examination system,academic atmosphere and official education,this paper delineates three prevailing mentalities among scholars in the mid to late Ming dynasty:the utilitarian mindset,the fatalistic mindset and the resistant mindset.This analysis provides a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the attitudes of Ming Dynasty scholars towards their academic and official careers.
关键词
明代科举/举业心态/专经取士/科举学风Key words
Ming Dynasty imperial examinations/examination mentality/selection of officials based on classics/academic style in imperial examinations引用本文复制引用
基金项目
2023年重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS23380)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据