Grotto remains of the Gaochang region can be divided into three phases:the first phase corresponds to the Gaochang Commandery and Gaochang Kingdom periods,while the second and third phases are associated with the Gaochang Kingdom ruled by the Qu clan.By analyzing characteristics of the major types of grottos such as pagoda temples,Buddha halls,and monk caves in terms of space-making,sculptural techniques,and cave construction technologies,this study demonstrates that the Gaochang grottoes recombined characteristics of Liangzhou sculpture with grotto forms local to the Hexi,Kucha,and Gaochang region,along with integration of Liangzhou sculptural techniques from the Liangzhou and Kucha regions.This eventually formed a regional cave construction standard known as the"Gaochang style",reflecting the evolution of Buddhism in the Gaochang region.
GaochangGrotto styleSpace-making conceptStatue characteristicsGrotto construction technology
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