RESEARCH ON YAODONG-STYLE ARCHITECTURE IN THE LOESS PLATEAU DURING THE PRE-QIN PERIOD
Yaodong-style architecture refers to a type of housing construction that takes advantage of loess's features by excavating horizontally to create living spaces,also known as cave dwellings.This type of architecture first appeared during the late Yangshao period in the Loess Plateau and became widely popular during the Longshan period.It gradually declined during the Shang and Zhou periods,serving as one of the main architectural forms in the Loess Plateau during the pre-Qin period.Research shows that the evolution of yaodong-style architecture is mainly characterized by diachronic changes in floor plan designs and the coexistence of multiple construction structures.These reflect the improvement and selection mechanisms of building technology,and the technological system of yaodong-style architecture is formed around these two mechanisms.The deterioration of the natural environment and vegetation destruction in the Loess Plateau during the late Yangshao period,leading to a shortage of timber resources,was the primary objective reason for the emergence of yaodong-style architecture.The long-term use of facilities such as bag-shaped cellars,pottery kilns,and wall niches provided an essential technical foundation.The decline of yaodong-style architecture during the pre-Qin period exhibits significant regional characteristics,with a series of cultural changes triggered by climate deterioration being the primary reason for the disappearance of yaodong-style architecture in central and southern Mongolia,the Shanxi-Shaanxi Plateau,and the Gansu-Qinghai region.The decline in the Guanzhong area and southern Shanxi area was due to the impact of the political power of the Central Plains dynasties.
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