This paper explores the form and evolution of stone que(monumental stone towers or pillars)across 33 known locations.The classification is threefold based on spatial layout and style differences in the images of the stone que.Additionally,they can be differentiated into two main forms based on whether lower que are present,and further subdivided into two subtypes based on variations in the que body.They are also categorized into five forms based on differences in the tower structure.Influences on their form may come from architecture,social hierarchies,and religious beliefs.The stone que of the Eastern Han dynasty were built across three periods.The first period,from the later early to the early middle Eastern Han,featured mainly type A and some type B que with simple tower structures.The second period,from the late middle to the early late Eastern Han,saw primarily types A and B,along with some type C,all with more complex tower structures.The third period,from the late late Eastern Han to the dynasty's end,included only types B and C with complex tower structures.Stone que are widely distributed across three main regions:northern China,as well as Chongqing's Chuandong and Chuanxi districts,each associated with stone que types A,B,and C,respectively.There is evidence of a consistent evolution pattern in the tower structures of stone que,indicating ongoing interactions and influences among these regions.Notably,the northern China and Chongqing Chuandong district exhibit unique regional features,whereas Chongqing Chuanxi district,while having its own style,shares many elements with the other two regions.
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