The exploration and study of habitable zone planets is one of the hot research fields of exo-planets in recent years.The exploration of habitable planets near the solar system is of great signifi-cance to the study of the origin of life and has become the main theme of exoplanet exploration.As an important means of detecting exohabitable planets,space-based distributed synthetic aperture technolo-gy has become a hot spot in the research of advanced optical technology.In this paper,the technical principle of space-based distributed optical synthetic aperture system based on Michelson interferomet-ric imaging is discussed in detail,and the development of typical distributed synthetic aperture systems at home and abroad is introduced.The technical challenges involved are demonstrated.