目的 对飞行人员营养知识、态度、行为(knowledge,attitude and practice,KAP)状况和膳食营养情况进行调查,并结合体检结果进行分析,以了解飞行人员的营养知信行、膳食营养和身体健康等现状,为做好飞行人员的膳食营养保障工作提供依据和方向.方法 采用随机抽样方法,选取2021年3月—2022年3月空军杭州特勤疗养中心和海军青岛特勤疗养中心438名飞行人员作为调查对象,进行营养知信行问卷调查,并对其膳食采用称重法,连续3 d进行膳食营养状况调查,同时进行健康体检.结果 飞行人员KAP最高得分46分,最低得分30分,平均得分(39.26±4.03)分.飞行人员各类食物摄入量与标准推荐量比较,除畜肉、禽肉和植物油摄入超标外,谷类、水产类、水果、豆类和奶类制品摄入量均未达标.能量和营养素摄入情况显示,飞行人员能量、蛋白质、钠、钾、镁、磷、铁、硒、维生素E、维生素A和烟酸摄入超标,维生素B2、维生素B1和锌摄入不足.三大产能营养素供能比与标准推荐摄入量比较,飞行人员蛋白质和脂肪供能比偏高,碳水化合物的供能比偏低.体检异常者348名,占79.45%,其中超重、高尿酸血症、脂肪肝和高脂血症的检出率分别为39.04%、16.21%、9.13%和7.08%.结论 飞行人员营养KAP水平偏低,膳食结构不均衡,超重、高尿酸血症、脂肪肝和高脂血症等营养相关疾病患病率较高,且三者之间具有较高相关性.应对飞行人员积极开展饮食营养健康教育,加强科学配餐指导,降低与营养相关慢性病的发病率.
Nutritional KAP,dietary and nutrition survey among pilots
Objective To investigate the nutritional knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)as well as dietary and nutritional status of pilots,and analyze the results in conjunction with physical examination so as to provide data for related dietary and nutrition support.Methods A total of 438 pilots in Qingdao and Hangzhou Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy from March 2021 to March 2022 were selected using the random sampling method and investigated with a nutritional KAP questionnaire,whose dietary status was studied using the weighing method for three consecutive days.At the same time,physical examination was carried out.Results The highest and lowest score of nutritional KAP of the pilots was 46 and 30 respectively,with an average score of 39.26±4.03(the full score was 50 points).Compared with the standard dietary reference intakes,the daily intakes of meat,poultry and vegetable oil by each pilot exceeded standards,while the intakes of cereals,aquatic products,fruits,beans and dairy products fell short of the standard.The intakes of energy,protein,sodium,potassium,magnesium,phosphorus,iron,selenium,vitamin E,vitamin A and niacin exceeded the standard,while those of vitamin B2,vitamin B1 and zinc were insufficient.The over-intake of energy was related to the excessive intake of cooking oil while the excessive sodium intake was associated with excessive salt intake.Compared with the standard dietary reference intakes,the energy supply ratio was higher in protein and fat,but lower in carbohydrates.There were 348 patients with abnormal physical examination,accounting for 79.45%.The detection rates of overweight,hyperuricemia,fatty liver and hyperlipidemia were 39.04%,16.21%,9.13%and 7.08%,respectively.Conclusion The nutritional KAP levels of pilots is low and the dietary structure is unbalanced.The incidence of overweight,hyperuricaemia,fatty liver,and hyperlipidaemia are high.There is a high correlation between the three factors.Actively carry out diet nutrition and health education for flight personnel,strengthen scientific meal preparation guidance,and reduce the incidence of nutrition-related chronic diseases.
万方数据
维普
