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战斗机飞行员双侧膝关节等速肌力相关特征研究

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目的 分析战斗机飞行员在不同角速度下双侧膝关节屈伸肌力变化特点,为预防战斗机飞行员膝关节损伤、减少非战斗性减员提供理论参考.方法 对339名战斗机飞行员分别在60、180°/s和300°/s 3个不同角速度条件下进行相应等速肌力测试,并分析双侧膝关节屈曲和伸展的峰值力矩、峰值力矩与体质量的比值、做功疲劳、屈肌与伸肌峰力矩标准化值的比值(hamstring/quadriceps,H/Q)等指标.结果 双侧膝关节屈伸最大肌力在不同角速度下差异有统计学意义(F角速度=6 568.537、1 048.388,P均<0.001);双膝关节屈肌做功疲劳在不同角速度下差异均有统计学意义(F角速度=0.456、0.285,P<0.001、=0.593),且双侧膝关节屈肌、伸肌的做功疲劳在优势侧和非优势侧间差异有统计学意义(F双侧=399.862、415.773,P均<0.001);双膝关节屈伸H/Q值在各角速度下差异均有统计学意义(F角速度=6216.789,P<0.001),且在优势侧和非优势侧间差异有统计学意义(F双侧=13 813.530,P<0.001).结论 战斗机飞行员双侧膝关节伸肌肌力高于运动人群平均水平,而屈肌肌力普遍低于运动人群平均水平.应着重加强战斗机飞行员胭绳肌肌力和股四头肌耐力的训练,提升膝关节屈伸肌力平衡,从而提升膝关节稳定性,降低膝关节训练伤的发生.
Characteristics of isometric muscle strength levels of bilateral knee joints in fighter pilots
Objective To analyze the characteristics of bilateral knee flexor and extensor muscle strength under different angular velocities in order to prevent knee injuries in fighter pilots.Methods Isokinetic plyometric tests were performed on 339 fighter pilots at three different angular velocities-60,180°/s and 300°/s.The peak torque of bilateral knee flexion and extension,the peak torque/body weight ratio,work fatigue,and the hamstring/quadriceps(H/Q)ratio were analyzed.Results At different angular velocities,there was statistically significant difference in the maximum muscle strength of bilateral knee joint flexion and extension(Fangular velocity=6 568.537,1 048.388,both P<0.001)and in the work fatigue of the flexor and extensor muscles of both knee joints(Fangular velocity=0.456,0.285,P<0.001,=0.593),especially between the dominant and non-dominant sides(Fbilateral=399.862,415.773,both P<0.001).The H/Q values of both knee joint flexion and extension were significant different at various angular velocities(Fangular velocity=6 216.789,P<0.001),and between the dominant and non-dominant sides(Fbilateral=13 813.530,P<0.001).Conclusion Bilateral knee extensor muscle strength of fighter pilots is higher than the average of sports population,but flexor muscle strength is generally lower.Fighter pilots should enhance hamstring muscle strength and quadriceps endurance to improve the balance of knee flexor and extensor muscle strength,thus improving knee stability and reducing knee training injuries.

Isometric muscle strengthKneeAnterior cruciate ligamentPilots

崔晓崧、殷毅、初冬、厉晓杰、郑超、陈宇飞、杜俊杰、王雪建、薛静、齐辉明

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空军军医大学空军特色医学中心康复医学科,北京 100142

空军军医大学空军特色医学中心骨科,北京 100142

等速肌力 膝关节 前交叉韧带 飞行员

2024

空军航空医学
空军总医院

空军航空医学

CSTPCD
影响因子:0.586
ISSN:2097-1753
年,卷(期):2024.41(6)