首页|7~12岁儿童屈光发育参数特点及对屈光状态的影响

7~12岁儿童屈光发育参数特点及对屈光状态的影响

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目的 调查 7~12 岁小学生眼屈光发育参数情况,分析其与等效球镜度的关系并评价屈光参数在近视中的监测作用.方法 选取云南省楚雄市北浦中学 1463 名 7~12 岁小学生,通过电脑验光仪获得球镜度数(DS)、柱镜度数(DC)、等效球镜度(SE),使用生物测量仪获得眼轴长度(AL)、角膜曲率(K1,K2)、中央前房深度(ACD)、中央角膜厚度(CCT)、晶状体厚度(LT)、玻璃体深度(VD),并计算角膜曲率半径(CR)、眼轴长度与角膜曲率半径比值(AL/CR)和晶状体度数(LP).按年龄分为 7~8 岁组(n=518)、9~10 岁组(n=547),11~12 岁组(n=398);按屈光状态分为近视组(n=647)、正视组(n=532)、远视组(n=284),分析不同年龄段、不同屈光组之间屈光参数的特点和对屈光状态的影响.结果 (1)SE、DS、LT、LP随年龄增长逐渐变小(P<0.05);(2)AL、AL/CR、ACD、VD随年龄增长逐渐增大(P<0.05);(3)K、CR、CCT随年龄增长无变化(P>0.05);(4)在近视组和远视组中,AL均与SE呈负相关(rs=-0.617;rs=-0.318,P<0.05),AL/CR均与SE呈负相关(rs=-0.737;rs=-0.406,P<0.05),LP与SE均呈正相关(rs=0.412;rs=0.182,P<0.05),CR与SE无相关性(P>0.05).结论 7~12 岁小学生的屈光发育参数AL、AL/CR、ACD、VD随年龄增长而增大,而SE、DS、LT、LP随年龄增长而变小,K、CR和CCT无显著变化.AL/CR和AL可以作为近视的监测指标,AL/CR较AL与SE的相关性更高.
Characteristics of Refractive Development Parameters and Their Effects on Refractive Status in Children Aged 7~12 Years
Objective To investigate the refractive development parameters of primary school students aged 7 to 12 years in Chuxiong City,Yunnan Province,analyze their relationship with equivalent spherical power(SE),and evaluate the monitoring role of refractive parameters in myopia.Methods A total of 1463 primary school students aged 7-12 from Beipu Primary School in Chuxiong City,Yunnan Province were selected.Spherical degree(DS),cylindrical degree(DC),and equivalent spherical degree(SE)were obtained using a computer autorefractor.Axial length(AL),corneal curvature(K1,K2),anterior chamber depth(ACD),central corneal thickness(CCT),lens thickness(LT),and vitreous depth(VD)were measured using a biometer.The corneal curvature radius(CR),the ratio of axial length to corneal curvature radius(AL/CR),and lens power(LP)were calculated.Participants were divided into 7~8 years old group(n=518),9~10 years old group(n=547),and 11~12 years old group(n=398)according to age;and categorized into myopic group(n=647),emmetropic group(n=532),and hyperopic group(n=284)based on refractive status to analyze the characteristics of refractive parameters and their impact across different age groups and refractive categories.Results(1)SE,DS,LT,and LP decreased with age(P<0.05);(2)AL,AL/CR,ACD,and VD increased with age(P<0.05);(3)K,CR and CCT showed no significant change with age(P>0.05);(4)In both myopic and hyperopic groups,AL was negatively correlated with SE(rs=-0.617,rs=-0.318,both P<0.05),AL/CR was negatively correlated with SE(rs=-0.737,rs=-0.406,both P<0.05),LP was positively correlated with SE(rs=0.412,rs=0.182,both P<0.05),while CR showed no correlation with SE(P>0.05).Conclusion The refractive development parameters AL,AL/CR,ACD,and VD increased with age in primary school students aged 7 to 12,while SE,DS,LT,and LP decreased with age,and K,CR,and CCT showed no significant changes.AL/CR and AL can serve as monitoring indicators for myopia,with AL/CR demonstrating a higher correlation with SE than AL.

Refractive developmentRefractive errorAxial lengthMyopiaAL/CRChildren

茶健美、闫芳冰、张扬、喻璨

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昆明医科大学第一附属医院眼科,云南 昆明 650032

昆明医科大学第一附属医院预防保健科,云南 昆明 650032

屈光发育 屈光不正 近视 眼轴 轴率比 儿童

2025

昆明医科大学学报
昆明医学院

昆明医科大学学报

影响因子:0.829
ISSN:1003-4706
年,卷(期):2025.46(1)