In the field of bone tissue engineering,regulating the proliferation and directed differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through physical stimulation to form biological signals is the simplest and most effective method.Electrospinning technology is one of the ideal technologies for manufacturing nanofiber scaffolds.The nanofibers produced by electrospinning technology can simulate the nanostructure similar to the extracellular matrix,promoting the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.This article reviews the development of electrospinning nanofiber topology in recent years and its impact on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.