Climate,biodiversity,and human beings are intricately interdependent.Ecosystems play a pivotal role in the climate system,particularly through their contributions to the carbon cycle,water cycle,and other biogeochemical cycles.When managed sustainably with robust ecosystem and biodiversity science,ecosystems can serve as significant sources of human resilience and facilitate societal adaptation to rapid environmental changes.Therefore,enhancing the study of climate and ecological abrupt change holds substantial theoretical and practical values.It is essential to monitor,interpret,and predict how sudden ecosystem shifts respond to climate change while improving ecological resilience.This study deeply analyzes the connotation of relevant core concepts in the field of climate and ecological abrupt change,discusses different research methods at different time scales and spatial scales,and puts forward key scientific questions in the field of climate and ecological abrupt change in the future in combination with the needs of science and technology and economic and social development.
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