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道德生物增强的康德伦理学辩护及其困境

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道德生物增强(moral bioenhancement,MBE)作为一种技术手段,可以干预、修复人类的道德心理、道德认知、道德情感,从而增强人的道德动机和道德能力.MBE通过消除人性之恶和增强人性之善达成自我完善,这与康德伦理学不谋而合.在康德伦理学视域中,MBE作为一种不完全义务之自我完善的自由选择,它不但没有损害人的尊严和自由,相反,MBE增强了人的理性行动能力,为道德行动者借助MBE从情感和认知弱点的支配中解放出来提供了辩护空间.但与此同时,MBE康德伦理学辩护也存在四个困境:道德生物增强的还原论困境,道德生物增强的自由悖论,道德生物增强对自我同一性的威胁,道德生物增强自我家长主义独断.在此基础上,通过MBE康德伦理学的实践场景想象,进而分析康德伦理学能否为体育竞赛增强和基因美德工程进行辩护,探讨超级生化运动员和制造更加具有德性后代的伦理复杂性.
Kantian Ethical Defense of Moral Bioenhancement and Its Dilemma
Moral bioenhancement,as a technical means,can intervene and repair human moral psycholo-gy,moral cognition,moral emotion,so as to enhance human moral motivation and moral ability.MBE achieves self-perfection by eliminating the evil of human nature and enhancing the good of human nature,which coincides with Kantian ethics.From the perspective of Kantian ethics,MBE,as a free choice of self-perfection with imperfect duties,not only does it not harm human dignity and freedom,but also enhances human's rational action ability and provides a justification space for moral agents to liberate themselves from the dominance of emotional and cognitive weaknesses with the help of MBE.But at the same time,there are also dilemmas in MBE's ethical defense:First,the reductionist dilemma of moral bioenhancement;Second,the paradox of freedom enhanced by moral biology;Third,the threat of moral bioenhancement to self-identity;Fourth,self-paternalism.On the basis,through the practical scenario imagination of MBE Kantian ethics,analyzes whether Kantian ethics can defend the enhancement of sports competition and the genetic virtue program,and discusses the ethical complexity of super bio-chemical athletes and making more virtuous offspring.

moral bioenhancementImmanuel kantself-perfectionimperfect dutiesmoral agencygenet-ic virtue program

张灿

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中国矿业大学马克思主义学院

道德生物增强 康德 自我完善 不完全义务 道德能动性 基因美德工程

国家社会科学基金项目

19CZX056

2024

科学·经济·社会
兰州大学

科学·经济·社会

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.229
ISSN:1006-2815
年,卷(期):2024.42(3)
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