首页|An ultrahigh-energy γ-ray bubble powered by a super PeVatron

An ultrahigh-energy γ-ray bubble powered by a super PeVatron

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We report the detection of a γ-ray bubble spanning at least 100 deg2 in ultra-high energy(UHE)up to a few PeV in the direction of the star-forming region Cygnus X,implying the presence super PeVatron(s)accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV.A log-parabola form with the photon index r(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)× log10(E/10 TeV)is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble well.UHE sources,"hot spots"correlated with very massive molecular clouds,and a quasi-spherical amorphous γ-ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the bubble.In the core of～0.5°,spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association(Cygnus OB2)and a microquasar(Cygnus X-3),as well as previously reported multi-TeV sources,an enhanced concentration of UHE y-rays is observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 PeV.The general feature of the bubble,the morphology,and the energy spectrum,are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core,continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium.

Cosmic raysγ-raysInterstellar mediumStar cluster

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Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China

TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center,Chengdu,China

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies,31 Fitzwilliam Place,2 Dublin,Ireland

Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics,P.O.Box 103980,Heidelberg 69026,Germany

State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics,China

University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China

School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Infor-mation Science and Technology,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China

School of Astronomy and Space Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China

Center for Astrophysics,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China

Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China

Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy,Purple Mountain Observatory,Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210023,China

Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China

Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology,Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China

Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University),Ministry of Education,Lhasa 850000,China

National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China

School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)& School of Physics(Guangzhou)& Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai),Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519000 &Guangzhou 510275,China

School of Physics and Astronomy,Yunnan University,Kun-ming 650091,China

Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire,Fac-ultéde Sciences,Universitéde Genève,24 Quai Ernest Ansermet,1211 Geneva,Switzerland

Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China

APC,Universit'e Paris Cit'e,CNRS/IN2P3,CEA/IRFU,Observa-toire de Paris,Paris 119 75205,France

Department of Engineering Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China

School of Physics and Microelectronics,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China

Yunnan Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kun-ming 650216,China

College of Physics,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,Sichuan,China

Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow 117312,Russia

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,Moscow 141700,Russia

School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China

School of Physical Science and Technology,Guangxi Univer-sity,Nanning 530004,China

Department of Physics,Faculty of Science,Mahidol University,Bangkok 10400,Thailand

Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics,School of Physics and Materials Science & Institute of Space Science and Technology,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China

National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China.

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National Key R&D Program of ChinaNational Key R&D Program of ChinaNational Key R&D Program of ChinaNational Key R&D Program of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaYouth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)

2018YFA04042012018YFA04042022018YFA04042032018YFA040420412105294120225021226116036212205314U1931201U20311052022010N42A650868

2024

10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.040

科学通报(英文版)
中国科学院

科学通报(英文版)

CSTPCD
ISSN：1001-6538
年,卷(期)：2024.69(4)
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