科学通报(英文版)2024，Vol.69Issue(4) ：449-457.DOI:10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.040

An ultrahigh-energy γ-ray bubble powered by a super PeVatron

LHAASO Collaboration Z.Cao F.Aharo-nian Q.An Axikegu Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi J.T.Cai Q.Cao W.Y.Cao Zhe Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang A.M.Chen E.S.Chen Liang Chen Lin Chen Long Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng M.Y.Cui S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu D.della Volpe X.Q.Dong K.K.Duan J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng X.T.Feng Y.L.Feng S.Gabici B.Gao C.D.Gao L.Q.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu F.L.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.Y.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor B.W.Hou C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu Q.Hu S.C.Hu D.H.Huang T.Q.Huang W.J.Huang X.T.Huang X.Y.Huang Y.Huang Z.C.Huang X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang X.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang T.Ke D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.Li Cheng Li Cong Li D.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li W.L.Li X.R.Li Xin Li Y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.Liu Y.N.Liu R.Lu Q.Luo H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri H.J.Mu Y.C.Nan A.Nero-nov Z.W.Ou B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi Y.Q.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz D.Semikoz C.Y.Shao L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Q.W.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian C.Wang C.B.Wang G.W.Wang H.G.Wang H.H.Wang J.C.Wang K.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang P.H.Wang R.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing Z.Xiong D.L.Xu R.F.Xu R.X.Xu W.L.Xu L.Xue D.H.Yan J.Z.Yan T.Yan C.W.Yang F.Yang F.F.Yang H.W.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.Yue H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng M.Zha B.B.Zhang F.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang L.X.Zhang Li Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.B.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang X.Zhang X.P.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Yi Zhang Yong Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou M.Zhou P.Zhou R.Zhou X.X.Zhou C.G.Zhu F.R.Zhu H.Zhu K.J.Zhu X.Zuo
科学通报(英文版)2024，Vol.69Issue(4) ：449-457.DOI:10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.040
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  • NETL
  • NSTL
  • 万方数据

An ultrahigh-energy γ-ray bubble powered by a super PeVatron

LHAASO Collaboration Z.Cao 1F.Aharo-nian 2Q.An 3Axikegu 4Y.X.Bai 5Y.W.Bao 6D.Bastieri 7X.J.Bi 1Y.J.Bi 5J.T.Cai 7Q.Cao 8W.Y.Cao 9Zhe Cao 3J.Chang 10J.F.Chang 11A.M.Chen 12E.S.Chen 1Liang Chen 13Lin Chen 4Long Chen 4M.J.Chen 5M.L.Chen 11Q.H.Chen 4S.H.Chen 1S.Z.Chen 5T.L.Chen 14Y.Chen 6N.Cheng 5Y.D.Cheng 5M.Y.Cui 10S.W.Cui 8X.H.Cui 15Y.D.Cui 16B.Z.Dai 17H.L.Dai 11Z.G.Dai 9Danzengluobu 14D.della Volpe 18X.Q.Dong 1K.K.Duan 10J.H.Fan 7Y.Z.Fan 10J.Fang 17K.Fang 5C.F.Feng 19L.Feng 10S.H.Feng 5X.T.Feng 19Y.L.Feng 14S.Gabici 20B.Gao 5C.D.Gao 19L.Q.Gao 1Q.Gao 14W.Gao 5W.K.Gao 1M.M.Ge 17L.S.Geng 5G.Giacinti 12G.H.Gong 21Q.B.Gou 5M.H.Gu 11F.L.Guo 13X.L.Guo 4Y.Q.Guo 5Y.Y.Guo 10Y.A.Han 22H.H.He 1H.N.He 10J.Y.He 10X.B.He 16Y.He 4M.Heller 18Y.K.Hor 16B.W.Hou 1C.Hou 5X.Hou 23H.B.Hu 1Q.Hu 24S.C.Hu 1D.H.Huang 4T.Q.Huang 5W.J.Huang 16X.T.Huang 19X.Y.Huang 10Y.Huang 1Z.C.Huang 4X.L.Ji 11H.Y.Jia 4K.Jia 19K.Jiang 3X.W.Jiang 5Z.J.Jiang 17M.Jin 4M.M.Kang 25T.Ke 5D.Kuleshov 26K.Kurinov 27B.B.Li 8Cheng Li 3Cong Li 5D.Li 1F.Li 11H.B.Li 5H.C.Li 5H.Y.Li 24J.Li 24Jian Li 9Jie Li 11K.Li 5W.L.Li 19X.R.Li 5Xin Li 3Y.Z.Li 1Zhe Li 5Zhuo Li 28E.W.Liang 29Y.F.Liang 29S.J.Lin 16B.Liu 9C.Liu 5D.Liu 19H.Liu 4H.D.Liu 22J.Liu 5J.L.Liu 5J.Y.Liu 5M.Y.Liu 14R.Y.Liu 6S.M.Liu 4W.Liu 5Y.Liu 7Y.N.Liu 21R.Lu 17Q.Luo 16H.K.Lv 5B.Q.Ma 28L.L.Ma 5X.H.Ma 5J.R.Mao 23Z.Min 5W.Mitthumsiri 30H.J.Mu 22Y.C.Nan 5A.Nero-nov 20Z.W.Ou 16B.Y.Pang 4P.Pattarakijwanich 30Z.Y.Pei 7M.Y.Qi 5Y.Q.Qi 8B.Q.Qiao 5J.J.Qin 9D.Ruffolo 30A.Sáiz 30D.Semikoz 20C.Y.Shao 16L.Shao 8O.Shchegolev 27X.D.Sheng 5F.W.Shu 31H.C.Song 28Yu.V.Stenkin 27V.Stepanov 26Y.Su 10Q.N.Sun 4X.N.Sun 29Z.B.Sun 32P.H.T.Tam 16Q.W.Tang 31Z.B.Tang 3W.W.Tian 33C.Wang 32C.B.Wang 4G.W.Wang 9H.G.Wang 7H.H.Wang 16J.C.Wang 23K.Wang 6L.P.Wang 19L.Y.Wang 5P.H.Wang 4R.Wang 19W.Wang 16X.G.Wang 29X.Y.Wang 6Y.Wang 4Y.D.Wang 5Y.J.Wang 5Z.H.Wang 25Z.X.Wang 17Zhen Wang 12Zheng Wang 11D.M.Wei 10J.J.Wei 10Y.J.Wei 1T.Wen 17C.Y.Wu 5H.R.Wu 5S.Wu 5X.F.Wu 10Y.S.Wu 9S.Q.Xi 5J.Xia 24J.J.Xia 4G.M.Xiang 34D.X.Xiao 8G.Xiao 5G.G.Xin 5Y.L.Xin 4Y.Xing 13Z.Xiong 1D.L.Xu 12R.F.Xu 1R.X.Xu 28W.L.Xu 25L.Xue 19D.H.Yan 17J.Z.Yan 10T.Yan 5C.W.Yang 25F.Yang 8F.F.Yang 11H.W.Yang 16J.Y.Yang 16L.L.Yang 16M.J.Yang 5R.Z.Yang 9S.B.Yang 17Y.H.Yao 25Z.G.Yao 5Y.M.Ye 21L.Q.Yin 5N.Yin 19X.H.You 5Z.Y.You 1Y.H.Yu 9Q.Yuan 10H.Yue 1H.D.Zeng 10T.X.Zeng 11W.Zeng 17M.Zha 5B.B.Zhang 6F.Zhang 4H.M.Zhang 6H.Y.Zhang 5J.L.Zhang 15L.X.Zhang 7Li Zhang 17P.F.Zhang 17P.P.Zhang 24R.Zhang 24S.B.Zhang 33S.R.Zhang 8S.S.Zhang 5X.Zhang 6X.P.Zhang 5Y.F.Zhang 4Yi Zhang 35Yong Zhang 5B.Zhao 4J.Zhao 5L.Zhao 3L.Z.Zhao 8S.P.Zhao 36F.Zheng 32B.Zhou 5H.Zhou 12J.N.Zhou 13M.Zhou 31P.Zhou 6R.Zhou 25X.X.Zhou 4C.G.Zhu 19F.R.Zhu 4H.Zhu 15K.J.Zhu 37X.Zuo5
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作者信息

  • 1. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center,Chengdu,China
  • 2. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies,31 Fitzwilliam Place,2 Dublin,Ireland;Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics,P.O.Box 103980,Heidelberg 69026,Germany
  • 3. State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China
  • 4. School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Infor-mation Science and Technology,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China
  • 5. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center,Chengdu,China
  • 6. School of Astronomy and Space Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China
  • 7. Center for Astrophysics,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China
  • 8. Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China
  • 9. University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China
  • 10. Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy,Purple Mountain Observatory,Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210023,China
  • 11. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center,Chengdu,China;State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics,China
  • 12. Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China
  • 13. Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology,Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China
  • 14. Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University),Ministry of Education,Lhasa 850000,China
  • 15. National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
  • 16. School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)& School of Physics(Guangzhou)& Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai),Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519000 &Guangzhou 510275,China
  • 17. School of Physics and Astronomy,Yunnan University,Kun-ming 650091,China
  • 18. Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire,Fac-ultéde Sciences,Universitéde Genève,24 Quai Ernest Ansermet,1211 Geneva,Switzerland
  • 19. Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China
  • 20. APC,Universit'e Paris Cit'e,CNRS/IN2P3,CEA/IRFU,Observa-toire de Paris,Paris 119 75205,France
  • 21. Department of Engineering Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
  • 22. School of Physics and Microelectronics,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China
  • 23. Yunnan Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kun-ming 650216,China
  • 24. University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy,Purple Mountain Observatory,Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210023,China
  • 25. College of Physics,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,Sichuan,China
  • 26. Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow 117312,Russia
  • 27. Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow 117312,Russia;Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,Moscow 141700,Russia
  • 28. School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China
  • 29. School of Physical Science and Technology,Guangxi Univer-sity,Nanning 530004,China
  • 30. Department of Physics,Faculty of Science,Mahidol University,Bangkok 10400,Thailand
  • 31. Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics,School of Physics and Materials Science & Institute of Space Science and Technology,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China
  • 32. National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China.
  • 33. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
  • 34. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology,Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China
  • 35. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy,Purple Mountain Observatory,Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210023,China
  • 36. Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy,Purple Mountain Observatory,Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210023,China;Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China
  • 37. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center,Chengdu,China;State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics,China
  • 折叠

Abstract

We report the detection of a γ-ray bubble spanning at least 100 deg2 in ultra-high energy(UHE)up to a few PeV in the direction of the star-forming region Cygnus X,implying the presence super PeVatron(s)accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV.A log-parabola form with the photon index r(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)× log10(E/10 TeV)is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble well.UHE sources,"hot spots"correlated with very massive molecular clouds,and a quasi-spherical amorphous γ-ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the bubble.In the core of～0.5°,spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association(Cygnus OB2)and a microquasar(Cygnus X-3),as well as previously reported multi-TeV sources,an enhanced concentration of UHE y-rays is observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 PeV.The general feature of the bubble,the morphology,and the energy spectrum,are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core,continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium.

Key words

Cosmic rays/γ-rays/Interstellar medium/Star cluster

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基金项目

National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0404201)

National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0404202)

National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0404203)

National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0404204)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(12105294)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(12022502)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(12261160362)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(12205314)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1931201)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2031105)

Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2022010)

National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)()

National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)(N42A650868)

出版年

2024
科学通报(英文版)
中国科学院

科学通报(英文版)

CSTPCD
ISSN：1001-6538
参考文献量20
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