Direct and indirect consumption activities drive distinct urban-rural inequalities in air pollution-related mortality in China

Jingxu Wang ¹Jintai Lin ²Yu Liu ³Feng Wu ⁴Ruijing Ni ⁵Lulu Chen ⁵Fangxuan Ren ⁵Mingxi Du ⁶Zhongyi Li ⁷Haoyu Zhang ⁷Zhengzhong Liu⁷

扫码查看

作者信息

1. Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System(FDOMES)and Physical Oceanography Laboratory,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies,Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China
2. Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies,Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Institute of Carbon Neutrality,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China
3. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Institute of Carbon Neutrality,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China
4. State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
5. Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies,Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China
6. School of Public Policy and Administration,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China
7. Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System(FDOMES)and Physical Oceanography Laboratory,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China
折叠

Abstract

Household consumption in China is associated with substantial PM2.5 pollution,through activities directly(i.e.,fuel use)and/or indirectly(i.e.,consumption of goods and services)causing pollutant emis-sions.Urban and rural households exhibit different consumption preferences and living areas,thus their contributions to and suffering from air pollution could differ.Assessing this contrast is crucial for com-prehending the environmental impacts of the nation's ongoing urbanization process.Here we quantify Chinese urban and rural households'contributions to ambient PM2.5 pollution and the health risks they suffer from,by integrating economic,atmospheric,and health models and/or datasets.The national pre-mature deaths related to long-term exposure to PM2.5 pollution contributed by total household consump-tion are estimated to be 1.1 million cases in 2015,among which 56％are urban households and 44％are rural households.For pollution contributed indirectly,urban households,especially in developed pro-vinces,tend to bear lower mortality risks compared with the portions of deaths or pollution they con-tribute.The opposite results are true for direct pollution.With China's rapid urbanization process,without adequate reduction in emission intensity,the increased indirect pollution-associated premature deaths could largely offset that avoided by reduced direct pollution,and the indirect pollution-associated urban-rural inequalities might become severer.Developing pollution mitigation strategies from both production and consumption sides could help with reducing pollution-related mortality and associated urban-rural inequality.

Key words

Urban and rural households/Pollution contribution/Mortality risk/Inequality/PM2.5

引用本文复制引用

基金项目

National Natural Science Foundation of China(42075175)

Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021QD119)

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(202113005)

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Ocean University of China)

Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province()

Qingdao Postdoctoral Applied Research Project()

National Natural Science Foundation of China(72125010)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(72243011)

National Natural Science Foundation of China(71974186)

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Peking University)()

Highperformance Computing Platform of Peking University()

出版年

2024

科学通报(英文版)

中国科学院

科学通报(英文版)

CSTPCD

ISSN：1001-6538

参考文献量3

段落导航