首页|The Cambrian microfossil Qingjiangonema reveals the co-evolution of sulfate-reducing bacteria and the oxygenation of Earth's surface

The Cambrian microfossil Qingjiangonema reveals the co-evolution of sulfate-reducing bacteria and the oxygenation of Earth's surface

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Sulfate reduction is an essential metabolism that maintains biogeochemical cycles in marine and terres-trial ecosystems.Sulfate reducers are exclusively prokaryotic,phylogenetically diverse,and may have evolved early in Earth's history.However,their origin is elusive and unequivocal fossils are lacking.Here we report a new microfossil,Qingjiangonema cambria,from～518-million-year-old black shales that yield the Qingjiang biota.Qingjiangonema is a long filamentous form comprising hundreds of cells filled by equimorphic and equidimensional pyrite microcrystals with a light sulfur isotope composition.Multiple lines of evidence indicate Qingjiangonema was a sulfate-reducing bacterium that exhibits similar patterns of cell organization to filamentous forms within the phylum Desulfobacterota,including the sulfate-reducing Desulfonema and sulfide-oxidizing cable bacteria.Phylogenomic analyses confirm sepa-rate,independent origins of multicellularity in Desulfonema and in cable bacteria.Molecular clock anal-yses infer that the Desulfobacterota,which encompass a majority of sulfate-reducing taxa,diverged～2.41 billion years ago during the Paleoproterozoic Great Oxygenation Event,while cable bacteria diverged～0.56 billion years ago during or immediately after the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event.Taken together,we interpret Qingjiangonema as a multicellular sulfate-reducing microfossil and propose that cable bacteria evolved from a multicellular filamentous sulfate-reducing ancestor.We infer that the diversification of the Desulfobacterota and the origin of cable bacteria may have been responses to oxy-genation events in Earth's history.

CambrianQingjiangonemaSulfate-reducing bacteriaCable bacteriaQingjiang biotaBlack shale

Linhao Cui、Kelei Zhu、Ruiyun Li、Chao Chang、Laiyuan Wu、Wei Liu、Dongjing Fu、Peiyu Liu、Hao Qiu、Guoqiang Tang、Qiuli Li、Robert R.Gaines、Yuxin Tao、Yinzhao Wang、Jinhua Li、Xingliang Zhang

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State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments,Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069,China

Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China

State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China

Department of Geology,Pomona College,Claremont CA 91711,USA

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China

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国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation(the 111 Project)陕西省自然科学基金National Science Foundation of USA

4189084341890845419303194224220142272354D170132022JC-DW5-01EAR-1554897

2024

10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.001

科学通报(英文版)
中国科学院

科学通报(英文版)

CSTPCD
ISSN：1001-6538
年,卷(期)：2024.69(10)
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