首页|Water consumption and biodiversity:Responses to global emergency events

Water consumption and biodiversity:Responses to global emergency events

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Given that it was a once-in-a-century emergency event,the confinement measures related to the coron-avirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused diverse disruptions and changes in life and work pat-terns.These changes significantly affected water consumption both during and after the pandemic,with direct and indirect consequences on biodiversity.However,there has been a lack of holistic evaluation of these responses.Here,we propose a novel framework to study the impacts of this unique global emer-gency event by embedding an environmentally extended supply-constrained global multi-regional input-output model(MRIO)into the drivers-pressure-state-impact-response(DPSIR)framework.This framework allowed us to develop scenarios related to COVID-19 confinement measures to quantify country-sector-specific changes in freshwater consumption and the associated changes in biodiversity for the period of 2020-2025.The results suggest progressively diminishing impacts due to the implemen-tation of COVID-19 vaccines and the socio-economic system's self-adjustment to the new normal.In 2020,the confinement measures were estimated to decrease global water consumption by about 5.7％on average across all scenarios when compared with the baseline level with no confinement measures.Further,such a decrease is estimated to lead to a reduction of around 5％in the related pressure on bio-diversity.Given the interdependencies and interactions across global supply chains,even those countries and sectors that were not directly affected by the COVID-19 shocks experienced significant impacts:Our results indicate that the supply chain propagations contributed to 79％of the total estimated decrease in water consumption and 84％of the reduction in biodiversity loss on average.Our study demonstrates that the MRIO-enhanced DSPIR framework can help quantify resource pressures and the resultant environ-mental impacts across supply chains when facing a global emergency event.Further,we recommend the development of more locally based water conservation measures-to mitigate the effects of trade dis-ruptions-and the explicit inclusion of water resources in post-pandemic recovery schemes.In addition,innovations that help conserve natural resources are essential for maintaining environmental gains in the post-pandemic world.

Global emergency eventsWater-biodiversity causal effectCOVID-19BiodiversityMRIO-enhanced DPSIR frameworkSupply-chain networkHigh-resolution water consumption datasetSupply-constrained multi-regional input-output(mixed MRIO)model

Dandan Zhao、Junguo Liu、Laixiang Sun、Klaus Hubacek、Stephan Pfister、Kuishuang Feng、Heran Zheng、Xu Peng、Daoping Wang、Hong Yang、Lei Shen、Fei Lun、Xu Zhao、Bin Chen、Marko Keskinen、Shaohui Zhang、Jialiang Cai、Olli Varis

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Water & Development Research Group,Department of Built Environment,Aalto University,Espoo 15200,Finland

School of Water Conservancy,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China

School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China

Department of Geographical Sciences,University of Maryland,College Park 20742,USA

School of Finance and Management,SOAS,University of London,London WC1H0XG,UK

Integrated Research on Energy,Environment and Society,Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen,University of Groningen,Groningen 9747AG,the Netherlands

ETH Zurich,Institute of Environmental Engineering,Zurich 8093,Switzerland

The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction,University College London,London WC1E6BT,UK

School of Business,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China

Department of Computer Science and Technology,University of Cambridge,Cambridge CB21TN,UK

2w2e Environmental Consulting GmbH,Duebendorf 8600,Switzerland

Key Laboratory for Resource Use and Environmental Remediation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China

College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China

Institute of Blue and Green Development,Shandong University,Weihai 264209,China

Fudan Tyndall Center,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China

School of Economics and Management,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China

International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis,Laxenburg A-2361,Austria

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Aalto University and the Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere and Watershed Water SecurityNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaKey Program of International Cooperation,Bureau of International Cooperation,the Chinese Academy of Sciences

42361144001723041127207413672104129131551KYSB20210030

2024

10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.049

科学通报(英文版)
中国科学院

科学通报(英文版)

CSTPCD
ISSN：1001-6538
年,卷(期)：2024.69(16)