The evolution of cropping structure in prehistoric Xizang

Yanren Wang ¹Qi Yang ²Jishuai Yang ³Shalini Sharma ⁴Yunzhe Huang ²Wei He ⁵Tinley Tsring ⁵Shihua Hu ²Songtao Chen ¹Qingli Sun ⁶Ting You ³Zhengquan Gu ⁴Yang Tsho ⁵Shargan Wangdue ⁵Zujun Chen ⁵Yu Gao ⁴Xiaoyan Yang ⁷Fahu Chen⁸

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作者信息

1. Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA),State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Resources and Environment(TPESRE),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;National Centre for Archaeology,Beijing 100013,China
2. Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA),State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Resources and Environment(TPESRE),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100086,China
3. Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education),College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Key Scientific Research Base of Bioarchaeology in Cold and Arid Regions(Lanzhou University & Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology),National Cultural Heritage Administration,Lanzhou 730000,China
4. Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA),State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Resources and Environment(TPESRE),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
5. Tibetan Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Relics,Lhasa 850001,China
6. Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA),State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Resources and Environment(TPESRE),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Hangzhou 310014,China
7. Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA),State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Resources and Environment(TPESRE),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education),College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Key Scientific Research Base of Bioarchaeology in Cold and Arid Regions(Lanzhou University & Gansu Provincial Institut
8. Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA),State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Resources and Environment(TPESRE),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education),College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
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Abstract

The origin and spread of agriculture facilitated a decline in human mobility and eventually led to a pre-dominantly sedentary lifestyle globally,including on the Tibetan Plateau.Previous studies have proposed an evolution of prehistoric agriculture,from millet-based to barley-based farming.However,details regarding the process are vague.Here,we present diachronic changes in cropping structure from Xizang on the basis of a quantitative analysis of archaeobotanical remains from 12 sites located in south-eastern Xizang.The advent of agriculture in Xizang began in the southeastern region around 4800 cal a BP and resulted in a quick spread of millet agriculture from the Hengduan Mountains to the Yarlung Zangbo River region.Subsequently,the introduction of barley and wheat to Xizang led to the transformation of millet-based farming into mixed farming after 3600 cal a BP.Eventually,around 3000 cal a BP,barley and wheat dominated across the entire Xizang with declining occurrences of millet.It took more than 600 years for barley and wheat to dominate in the Tibetan cropping system,which may reflect the time required for these exotic species to adapt physiologically to their new niche.In addition to the diachronic changes in crop farming,the ratio of barley to wheat and foxtail millet to broomcorn millet also varied at different elevations possibly due to local environmental variations and the crops'physiological requirements.

Key words

Tibetan Plateau/Plant remains/Crop spread/Physiological adaptation/Archaeobotany

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出版年

2024

科学通报(英文版)

中国科学院

科学通报(英文版)

CSTPCD

ISSN：1001-6538

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