Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of different doses of oxycodone on acute pain after abdominal operation. Methods A total of 100 patients admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 25 patients in each group (group 1, group 2, group 3, and group 4). Groups 1, 2 and 3 were the experimental group and 4 were the control group. After abdominal surgery, different doses of oxycodone were administered to observe its inhibition effect on acute pain. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were given low, medium, and high doses (to ensure that the dose was within the safe range), and groups 4 were given normal saline, and then the pain score and the occurrence of adverse reactions were recorded. Results The inhibition effect of group 1, group 2 and group 3 on acute pain after abdominal operation was longer than that of group 4, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The inhibition of acute pain after abdominal surgery in group 1 was lower than that in group 2 and that in group 2 was lower than that in group 3. Conclusion The low dose oxycodone group has poor inhibition effect on acute pain after abdominal surgery, while the medium and high dose groups have better inhibition effect on acute pain after abdominal surgery.