In the 5G era,the architecture and performance optimization of railway communication network have become the key factors to promote the development of railway transportation.The advantages of 5G technology,such as high-speed transmission,low time delay and great connection capabilities,produce more flexible and intelligent characteristics of railway communication network.Through the real-time transmission of train operation data,real-time location and other information,the efficiency of train scheduling is improved,the congestion is reduced,and the overall transportation capacity is improved.At the same time,the integration of new technologies has also laid a solid foundation for the efficient operation of railway communication networks in the 5G era,thus providing unprecedented opportunities and challenges for the digital and intelligent development of railway transportation system.