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抢派结合模式下外卖配送问题研究

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目前,外卖平台持续地提升顾客服务质量和降低成本,忽视了骑手的权益保障.针对骑手困境,引入骑手奖惩激励机制,建立以平台成本、顾客满意度和骑手激励收益为目标的外卖订单分配模型.基于抢派结合的订单分配模式,考虑配送顺路程度、配送距离和配送能力,构造效用函数来描述骑手自主抢单对订单的偏好及匹配度,利用Logit离散选择模型实现骑手实时抢单决策;并设计自适应变邻域搜索算法,实现平台派单分配和骑手路径优化.算例实验表明,与派单模式相比,抢派结合模式下配送方案能有效降低配送成本,提高顾客满意度和骑手收益.研究结果拓展了外卖订单分配模式等理论研究,可为外卖行业健康发展提供一定的参考.
Research on takeout distribution based on combination mode of order dispatching and grabbing
The takeout platform continues to improve the quality of customer services and reduce costs while ignoring the interests of riders.Considering the dilemma of riders,the incentive mechanism of reward and punishment is introduced,and the takeout order allocation model is established with the platform cost,customer satisfaction and rider incentive income as the objective.Based on the order allocation mode of combination of dispatching and grabbing,considering the convenience,distance and capability,the utility function is constructed to describe the preference and matching degree when grabbing order autonomously,and the Logit discrete selection model is used to simulate order grabbing behavior.The adaptive variable neighborhood search algorithm is designed to implement the platform dispatch allocation and path optimization.The experimental results show that the delivery scheme based on the order allocation mode of order-dispatching and grabbing effectively reduces the overall distribution cost,improve customer satisfaction and rider revenue compared with the mode of order-dispatching.The research results extend the theoretical research on the takeout order allocation mode,and provide reference for the benign development of takeout industry.

combination of dispatching and grabbingtakeout distributionincentive mechanismadaptive VNSorder-grabbing in real timeutility function

冯爱兰、周映雪、龚艳茹、杨乐昌

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北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京 100083

中国机械科学研究总院集团机科发展科技股份有限公司,北京 100044

北京科技大学天津学院智能制造学院,天津 301830

抢派结合 外卖配送 奖惩激励机制 自适应变邻域搜索 实时抢单 效用函数

国家自然科学基金项目

52005032

2024

控制与决策
东北大学

控制与决策

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子:1.227
ISSN:1001-0920
年,卷(期):2024.39(9)
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