Objective To investigate the clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with rhinoscleroma osteomy-elitis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical and radiological data of 17 cases of confirmed melioid-osis osteomyelitis from 2002 to 2022.Results All 17 patients were local residents of Hainan,China.Among them,14 ca-ses(82.4% )were middle-aged male farmers,11 cases(64.7% )had a history of diabetes,11 cases(64.7% )had bilat-eral lung nodules and/or nodules with cavitation,and9 cases(52.9% )had concurrent septicemia.DR examination was performed in 10 patients,CT examination in 10 patients,and MR examination in 14 patients.CT results of 10 cases showed bone destruction with mild new bone formation and sclerosis around bone destruction zone.Among them,5 cases showed fragmented necrotic bone,and no large necrotic bone was observed.Among the 10 DR results,5 cases showed mild periosteal reaction.All 17 patients showed significant soft tissue swelling and/or large abscesses.Conclusion Melioidosis osteomyelitis exhibits unique epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations.Compared to common osteomyeli-tis,its radiological features are relatively characteristic.Comprehensive analysis of clinical and radiological data can con-tribute to improving the diagnostic accuracy of this disease.