Bladder cancer is one of the common malignant tumors worldwide,among which patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)have a poor prognosis.Radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissec-tion after neoadjuvant therapy is the standard treatment for MIBC.However,the physical trauma and periopera-tive complications caused by radical surgery have seriously impaired the quality of life of patients.Various bladder-preserving treatment strategies have emerged as effective alternatives for patients who cannot tolerate surgery or refuse surgery.Immunotherapy,with the advantages of long-lasting efficacy and high tolerability,has dramatical-ly changed the treatment of bladder cancer.The application of immunotherapy may significantly improve the suc-cess rate of bladder-preserving treatment.This paper reviews the progress in conventional bladder-preserving treatment and immunotherapy-based combined bladder-preserving treatment strategies.
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