Objective To explore the expression and prognostic significance of importin 5 pseudogene 1(IPO5P1)in prostate cancer tissues.Methods In situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR were used to detect the expression level of IPO5P1 in 120 prostate cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues.Relationship between IPO5P1 expression and clinicopathological features of prostate cancer patients was analyzed.Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate the effect of IPO5P1 expression on biochemical recurrence-free survival(BFRS)and overall survival(OS)of prostate cancer patients.Results Compared with normal tissues adjacent to cancer,the IPO5P1 expression in prostate cancer tissues was significantly reduced(P<0.05).IPO5P1 expression was correlated with Gleason score,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed that the IPO5P1 expression was associated with BFRS,and the median BFRS was 25.0 months in the low-level group,shorter than 41.0 months in the high-level group(HR=2.665,95%CI:1.726-4.114,P<0.001).However,IPO5P1 expression was not associated with OS,and the median OS was not reached in the low-level group,similar with 53.0 months of the high-level group(HR=1.344,95%CI:0.795-2.273,P=0.270).Multivariate analysis confirmed that decreased IPO5P1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer(HR=2.259,95%CI:1.133-4.504,P=0.017).Conclusion IPO5P1 expression deletion is involved in the progression of prostate cancer,and may be used as a potential molecular marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer patients.