Recent advances and prospects of immune checkpoint inhibitors for biliary tract cancer
Biliary tract cancers(BTC)represent a heterogeneous group of aggressive malignancies,often marked by subtle symptoms and rapid progression.Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage,missing the window for surgical intervention.Traditional chemotherapy offers limited efficacy in treating BTC,and targeted therapies are only effective in select patient populations.However,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),a key component of immunotherapy,have shown increasing promise in BTC treatment,with combination therapies offering significant potential.Numerous clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the role of immunotherapy,particularly immune checkpoint therapy,in BTC,yielding encouraging results.This review highlights recent advancements and future prospects for ICIs in the management of BTC.
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