Regional Governance of Migration in Latin America and the US Unilateral Policy from the Perspective of Transnationalism
The theory of transnationalism provides an analysis perspective of power dynamics for the study of international migration,arguing that the flows of transnational migration reflect the dynamic shifting of power between countries,and that the imbalance of power within and beyond national borders is inextricably linked to the migration process.In the context of transnationalism,the flows of Latin American migrants within the Americas constitute the"North-South"and"South-South"migration corridors.The pattern of migrant flows in Latin America has been shaped by the following factors.First,the"North-South"migration corridor is the result of a combination of the historical expansion of the US territory,the penetration of the US capital,and the process of globalisation in Latin America.The United States has expanded its sphere of influence in Latin America through the control of military power and financial capital,and has dominated the historical process of the formation of the"North-South"corridor,in which Latin American migrants flow from the South to the North,accompanying the process of the US deploying various capital investments and commodity exports on the American continent.Second,the main reason for the formation of"South-South"migration corridors is the structural imbalance in the development of Latin American countries.At the regional level,the multilateral governance approach to migration has a deep practical basis in Latin America,and several sub-regional mechanisms have been established in both the"North-South"and"South-South"corridors.In practice,however,relevant countries have made commitments only on paper,with little intention of implementing the rules and promoting in-depth cooperation.In particular,the US increasingly stringent border enforcement measures serve to reduce continuously the regular channels for Latin American migrants to enter its territory,resulting in the proliferation of transnational crimes such as human trafficking and migrant smuggling in the migration corridors,and thus exacerbating the already chaotic and disorderly ecology of migration flows.
transnationalisminternational migrationmigration corridorborder wallmigration governanceCartagena Declaration on Refugees
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