Brazil's Anti-dumping against China:Characteristics,Causes and Countermeasures-An Analysis Based on All Cases in the WTO Context
Brazil is the largest economy in Latin America and China's largest trading partner in the region.However,Brazil is,after Argentina,the second most anti-dumping country against China among the 33 regional countries.Brazil's frequent anti-dumping actions against China not only severely hamper the development of bilateral trade,but also highlight the core problems in China's economic relations with Latin American countries.Based on all 102 relevant cases from 1995 to 2021 under the WTO,the characteristics of Brazil's anti-dumping against China are found as follows:China has become the main target of Brazil's anti-dumping;steel products are most frequently involved in these cases;Brazil's anti-dumping against China is mainly based on the imposition of specific duties,and the duty rate has remained high for a long time.The reasons for Brazil's frequent anti-dumping actions against China include:Brazil's slow economic development and deep middle-income trap;China's export trade with Brazil has grown rapidly and its position in Brazil's import trade has skyrocketed;Sino-Brazilian inter-industry trade mode and asymmetric trade structure;Brazil has long treated China as a non-market economy.In view of this,China should respond with the following strategic measures:enhance strategic mutual trust between China and Brazil,and deepen the alignment of development strategies between the two countries;initiate free trade agreement negotiations with MERCOSUR led by Brazil so as to sign a free trade agreement as soon as possible;adjust the bilateral trade structure to achieve high-quality development of trade relations between the two countries;expand China's direct investment and production capacity cooperation in Brazil,with a focus on the steel industry.
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