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我国复合肥料质量状况分析与思考

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复合肥料是我国产能、产量、用量最大的肥料品种,其质量状况直接关系到国家粮食安全、农产品质量安全、生态环境安全和农民群众切实利益.多年全国肥料质量监督抽查数据显示:抽检复合肥料总体合格率为94.7%,生产环节合格率略高于销售环节,质量问题依然严峻;养分含量不达标产品数量占全部不合格产品数量的78.6%,多个养分指标同时不合格现象较为普遍,单一养分不足导致的总养分不达标、钾含量不足是养分指标不合格的主要原因,氯离子含量指标需要持续关注;高浓度复合肥料是主流产品,占比呈下降趋势,中浓度产品占比明显增长,15-15-15及其相近均衡型配方的复合肥料占59.7%,远高于其他配方.针对复合肥料行业存在的新情况,需要全面加强监督管理,全力提升产品质量,大力引导产需精准衔接,合力推动行业高质量发展.
Analysis and reflection on the quality status of compound fertilizer in China
Compound fertilizer is the variety with the largest production capacity,yield and dosage in China,its quality affects national food security,agricultural product quality safety,ecological environment safety and the practical interests of farmers directly.The results of national fertilizer quality supervision in many years show that the overall qualification rate of the sampled compound fertilizer is 94.7%,the qualification rate of sampled compound fertilizer in enterprises is slightly higher than that in the retail market,and quality issues remain severe.Nutrient content indicators that do not meet the standards account for 78.6%of all unqualified products,and it is common that multiple nutrient indicators are unqualified at the same time;The main reasons of unqualified nutrient indicators are total nutrient not meeting the standard because of insufficient single nutrient and lack of potassium content;The chloride ion content indicator needs to be continuously monitored in addition.High concentration compound fertilizers are mainstream products,which is with a decreasing proportion;There is a significant increase in the proportion of medium concentration products;15-15-15 and similar balanced formula compound fertilizers account for 59.7%,which is far higher than other formulas.In response to the new situation in the compound fertilizer industry,it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen supervision and management,fully improve product quality,vigorously guide precise connection between production and demand,and promote high-quality development of the industry jointly.

compound fertilizersupervision spot-checkquality safetycountermeasures and suggestions

孟远夺、赵英杰、袁天佑、吴优、刘少君

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全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京 100125

河南省土壤肥料站,河南 郑州 450002

复合肥料 监督抽查 质量安全 对策建议

2024

磷肥与复肥
郑州大学 中国磷肥工业协会

磷肥与复肥

CSTPCD
影响因子:0.291
ISSN:1007-6220
年,卷(期):2024.39(9)